The philosophy theory known as Psychological Egoism is mainly attributed to Thomas Hobbes and Jeremy Bentham. Though it is often discussed, it hasn’t been explicitly held by many prominent thinkers in philosophical history. This theory suggests that humans are always driven by self-interest and selfishness, even while doing seemingly altruistic acts. It asserts not that individuals do not desire to act in pure selflessness but rather that they are incapable of doing so.
Although no explanation has been given to why we are incapable of acting purely altruistically, simple but strong arguments are given to validate the accuracy of this theory. When individuals choose to help others, they do it for the personal gains that they hope to gain, either directly or indirectly, by doing so. These gains do not necessarily refer to grand rewards but to the pure internal satisfaction of doing a good deed. In other words, while some may blatantly help their neighbor for the social recognition that comes with their actions, other may only do it because of their moral impulse of doing what is right. Certainly not all consciously think about the satisfaction that will come by doing a good deed, however such mechanism of thought is so ingrained in some individuals’ minds that they instantly extend a helping hand when needed.
This theory surely has not been proven to be accurate because of the difficulty and limited ability to put it to the test. One cannot make assessments based on the thoughts and motivating factors of others without their justification or lack of honest recognition of their motives getting in the way. I believe that if we are sincere enough with ourselves we may recognize the truthfulness of this theory. Yet, admitting the accuracy of this theory does not imply that humans are evil or vile.
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